https://knowledgebase.paloaltonetworks.com/KCSArticleDetail?id=kA14u000000sYzBCAU&lang=en_US%E2%80%A9
Palo on gave 400 series 1mb swap which is full when the device is on.
Swap (and other memory) can be cached/buffered for the kernel. Its not really used but ready to be used, it can be reclaimed by the system when needed.
Monitor physical memory instead (available memory is what you want to look at)
show system resources
Hardening
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/security/secure-client/221880-implement-hardening-measures-for-secure.html
Service access object (geo block anyconnect):
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/security/secure-firewall-threat-defense/222810-configure-geolocation-based-policies-for.html
Auto shun (flex config)
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/security/secure-firewall-threat-defense/222383-configure-threat-detection-for-remote-ac.html#toc-hId--1375473333
Threat detection service remote-access-authenticaiton hold-down 15 threshold 5
hold down - how long after the last failed attempt when new failures are counterd
thresthold - number of failed auths, if we fail login with in 5 mins 3 times
Show commands:
show threat-detection service remote-access-authentication
show threat-detection service remote-access-client-initiations
show threat-detection service invalid-vpn-access
Logs locations in FMC:
Some of them change depending on version of interface
Cog (top right) > monitoring > syslog
Monitoring → VPN → Remote Access (anyconnect)
Analysis → Connections → Events (won't show auth success/failure here)
Health → Events (shows cpu/memory issues)
There is a unified log as well
Log level
FMC GUI → Devices → Platform Settings
syslog > logging
Syslog messages:
%ASA-6-113004: AAA user authenticated successfully
%ASA-6-113005: AAA user authentication Rejected
%ASA-4-722051: Group <group> User <user> IP <ip> Session connected
%ASA-6-722041: Session disconnected (reason...)
***
Enable Access Control Logging for VPN User Traffic
On the rule that allows anyconnect in (log at start/log at end/ send to FMC) (still won't show login attempts)
search messsage *x.x.x.x*
Ok so lessons learned there:
You won't see anything in analysis > connections > events (doesn't show ssl rejected stuff, only successful https etc connections)
SAML (staff profile) rejection was not showing in the logs. I will ask cisco about this maybe it's a different event ID or Duo doesn't send anytning back to the firewall when SAML fails. He could see it in Duo logs so was happy enough there.
AAA/radius (contractors profile) was where we saw the issues coming in.
We needed to enable informational level logging under devices > platform settings. (we hit a bug there it didn't set first time not sure what happened, I watched him set it so watch out for that)
Once we had informational we could see some stuff under the cog > monitor > syslog.
Filter "message" for *x.x.x.x* where x.x.x.x is the IP you are looking for
We saw ssl denied for the German IP based on geoblock
We saw username ***** denied from my UK IP
The username was hidden in the logs
Added flex config "no loggin hide username" cisco said you have to leave off the "g" loggin is not a typo
Shun settings were 20 failed logins in 10 mins, he said he had to set it high because users were actually typing password wrong 10 times so that is something he will have to live with. Attackers can still try from the approved IPs for 20 tries then get shun'd but at this stage they can change IP address and try again
*** SAML
SAML failed logins won't show in the FMC log in the same way. Best to review these in the SAML provider dashboard/logs (Duo/Azure etc). These logs can be forwarded from there to a central SIEM. Duo have a tool called duo log sync.
filter to include class “vpnc”, which outputs logs like:
%FTD-6-611102: User authentication failed: IP = IP address, Uname: user
Palo alto firewall
Palo alto is next gen firewall with user-id and app-id. Dynamic lists/feeds (EDL) for blocking malicious traffic and allowing trusted traffic like azure and CDNs etc.
It can do its inspections on north/south traffic and east/west traffic.
It has IPS, URL, wildfire (unknown threats).
DNS sinkhole (DNS protection)
Advanced logging with cortex datalake (take in multiple log sources and apply machine learning)
Platforms
https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/hardware-firewall-innovations
SP3
Single pass simultaneous traffic inspection, classification and enforcement in one pass
Traffic
Control plane
Data plane
